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世卫组织提出此项新建议的目的是，通过减少不必要地在动物中使用人类医学上重要的抗生素，协助维护抗生素的有效性。在一些国家，大约80%的医学上重要抗生素被用于畜牧业，主要用于促进健康动物的生长。

对动物和人类滥用和误用抗生素加剧了抗生素耐药性日益严重的威胁。引起人类严重感染的一些细菌已对大多数或所有可用治疗药物产生耐药性，而目前研发中的药物看来很少有能够有效治疗这些感染的药物。

世卫组织强烈建议总体减少在食用动物中使用医学上重要的所有类型抗微生物药物，包括完全禁止为促进生长和预防尚未得到临床诊断的疾病的目的对食用动物使用这些抗生素。仅在同一鸟群、兽群或鱼群经诊断已受感染的情况下，方可为预防疾病对健康动物使用抗生素。

在可能情况下，须对生病动物进行检测，以确定用于最谨慎治疗其特定感染的最有效抗生素。兽用抗生素应选自世卫组织确定的对人类健康“最不重要的”抗生素，而不应选自“最优先的关键”抗生素。最优先的关键抗生素通常是可用于治疗人类严重细菌感染的最后治疗药物或有限的治疗药物。

可以不用抗生素预防动物疾病。可采用的替代方法有：改善动物卫生，进一步接种疫苗，改变牲畜棚舍圈养方式和畜牧业做法。

《世卫组织关于医学上重要的抗微生物药物在食用动物中的使用指南》是根据专家们几十年来就农用抗生素助长日益严峻的抗生素耐药性威胁问题撰写的报告和作出的评估意见制定的。该指南有助于实现2015年世界卫生大会通过的《抗微生物药物耐药性全球行动计划》和2016年通过的《联合国大会抗微生物药物耐药性高级别会议宣言》的目标。

WHO Releases Recommendations to Farmers and Food Industry:  Stop Using Antibiotics in Healthy Animals to Preserve Antibiotic Effectiveness for Human Health

On Tuesday the World Health Organization (WHO) issued new recommendations calling for farmers and the food industry to stop routine use of antibiotics in healthy animals. 

The new WHO recommendations aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics important for human medicine by reducing their unnecessary use in animals. In some countries, approximately 80% of total consumption of medically important antibiotics is in the animal sector, largely to promote growth in healthy animals. 

Over-use and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Some types of bacteria that cause serious infections in humans have already developed resistance to most or all of the available treatments, and there are very few promising options in the research pipeline. 

“A lack of effective antibiotics is as serious a security threat as a sudden and deadly disease outbreak,” says Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO. “Strong, sustained action across all sectors is vital if we are to turn back the tide of antimicrobial resistance and keep the world safe." 

WHO strongly recommends an overall reduction in the use of all classes of medically important antibiotics in food-producing animals, including complete restriction of these antibiotics for growth promotion and to prevent undiagnosed diseases. Healthy animals should only receive antibiotics to prevent disease if it has been diagnosed in other animals in the same flock, herd or fish population. 

Where possible, sick animals should be tested to determine the most effective antibiotic to treat their specific infection. Antibiotics used in animals should be selected from those WHO has listed as being “least important” to human health, and not from those classified as “highest priority critically important.” These antibiotics are often the last line, or one of limited treatments, available to treat serious bacterial infections in humans. 

Alternative options to using antibiotics for disease prevention in animals include improving hygiene, better use of vaccination, and changes in animal housing and husbandry practices.

WHO's Guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals build on decades of expert reports and evaluations of the role of agricultural antibiotic use in the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance. They contribute directly to the aims of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2015 and the Declaration of the High-Level Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on Antimicrobial Resistance, adopted in 2016.